Insomnia is a common sleep disorder characterized by difficulty in falling asleep or maintaining sleep, frequent awakenings during night-time, and awakening earlier than desired in the morning. Insomnia is more prevalent in women than in men, and the prevalence of insomnia increases with age. Insomnia can be due to psychiatric and medical conditions, specific substances, unhealthy sleep habits, and/or specific biological factors. Medical conditions that may cause insomnia include sinus allergies, asthma, lower back pain, chronic pain, arthritis, neurological disorders such as Parkinson’s disease, gastrointestinal reflux, and hyperthyroidism. Furthermore, insomnia may be caused by depression, anxiety, an unhealthy lifestyle, certain food substances, eating patterns, or specific neurotransmitters that are associated with sleep and wakefulness. Other risk factors for insomnia include lower socioeconomic status, older age, and female gender. 

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